VMD
Vacuum Metal Deposition. Process of selective condensation of
metals under vacuum conditions; used to visualize friction ridge
detail.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
A number of metals when deposited by VACUUM METAL DEPOSITION will delineate
fingerprints on some surfaces. Some of these work as single metal treatment
while others must be used in combination. The currently recommended combination
is GOLD followed by ZINC.
Lead, zinc, silver, gold, magnesium and a few other metals develop fingerprints
when deposited as single metals. Some of the known metal combinations are gold,
silver or copper followed by cadmium or zinc.
http://www.crimetechlabs.com/vacuummetal.asp 07-17-2005
Vacuum Cyanoacrylate Ester
Fuming method, conducted under vacuum conditions, in which
cyanoacrylate polymerizes on friction ridge residue; used to
visualize friction ridge detail.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Vacuum Metal Deposition
See VMD.
Vaidya M.C.
Wrote "The Dermal Papillae and Ridge Patterns in Human Volar Skin" in 1968 with
L.W. Chacko.
Valid
Well grounded, produced the desired results.
The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=valid
Validate
To make valid by checking the accuracy of a system.
Validation Study
An experiment to assess the usefulness of a technique (capabilities, benefits,
limitations, and optimal conditions) compared to currently used methods.
An adequate validation study should include testing the reliability of the technique on
realistic, ideal, and aged samples. Realistic samples are those that apply to real situations.
Testing should be repeated multiple times. A validation study should include comparing
the technique to current processes used, stating the limitations and values of the
technique, and reviewing available literature. Factors to assess include: abilities
compared to other methods, ease of use, expense, and safety concerns.
See Performance Check.
Value
The value of a friction ridge impression is determined by the context in which the term is
used. An impression can have identification value, exclusionary value, value for
determining how an object was touch, value in determining if impressions were left
simultaneously, investigation value, analytical value, or probative value. An impression
can be of value in determining how an object was held but not have sufficient value in
determining identity. Additionally, an impression can have identification value but not
probative value.
Vanderkolk, John
John Vanderkolk received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Forensic Studies and Psychology
from Indiana University in 1979. He worked as an Indiana State Police Trooper from
1979-1983, became a Crime Scene Technician in 1983, and then a Criminalist (latent
prints, footwear/tiretrack, physical comparisons) from 1984-1996. He has been a
Laboratory Manager/Criminalist since 1996.
John is a distinguished member (2005) of the International Association for
Identification (IAI), and currently serves on the Editorial Review Board for the
Journal of Forensic Identification since 1991 and the Forensic Identification Standards
Committee. He is also a member of the Scientific Working Group for Friction Ridge
Analysis, Study and Technology (SWGFAST) since 1996. John is also a member of the
Canadian Identification Society, the Indiana Division IAI, and the Illinois Division
IAI.
He has presented at a variety of international, national and regional seminars and has
been published in The Journal of Forensic Identification and the Cognitive Psychology
Journal Vision Research. The topics include: “Ridgeology, Animal Muzzleprints and
Human Fingerprints”, “Class Characteristics and ‘Could Be’ Results”, “Identifying
Consecutively Made Garbage Bags Through Manufactured Characteristics”, “Forensic
Individualization of Images Using Quality and Quantity of Information”, “Levels of
Quality and Quantity in Detail”, “ACE+V: A Model” and “Behavioral and
Electrophysiological Evidence for Configural Processing in Fingerprint Experts” by Dr.
Tom Busey, Indiana University Department of Psychology with John Vanderkolk, Vision
Research, 45 (February, 2005) 431-448.
Verbov, Professor Julian MD FRCP FRCPCH CBiol FSB FLS
Professor Julian Verbov is Professor of Dermatology at the University of Liverpool UK
and has been a Consultant to The Fingerprint Society since 1991. His MD Thesis in 1971
was on “Dermatoglyphics and Other Findings in Health and Disease”. He is author or
contributor to more than 300 publications including 30 books and his particular
specialty is Pediatric Dermatology. He founded the journal, Pediatric Dermatology, is a
founding father of British Pediatric Dermatology, is a past Editor- in- Chief of the British
Journal of Dermatology. He was awarded the Sir Archibald Gray Medal in 2006 by the
British Association of Dermatologists, their highest accolade, for outstanding services
to Dermatology. His invited lectures include visits to USA, Canada, Norway, Greece,
France, Germany, Israel and the UK. He was keynote lecturer at the inaugural meeting
of the Israel Society for Pediatric Dermatology in 2004. He is an Honorary Member of
the British Association of Dermatologists, the British Society for Paediatric Dermatology,
the North of England Dermatological Society, and the Dr Henry Faulds- Beith
Commemorative Society, Scotland. He has been a Magistrate for the City of Liverpool
since 1983.
Apart from his dedication to Dermatology, he has also been a teacher in Old Testament
Studies at the University of Liverpool Dept of Philosophy. A polymath, some of his other
many interests include his family, classical and brass band music, editing, teaching all
age groups, writing poetry, etymology, clichés, humour, ties and tie design, apes and
lay preaching.
His publications relating to dermatoglyphics include:
* Clinical significance and genetics of epidermal ridges – a review of dermatoglyphics.
J Invest Dermatol 1970;54: 261-271
* Hypohidrotic (or Anhidrotic) Ectodermal Dysplasia – an appraisal of diagnostic methods.
Br J Dermatol 1970;83:341-348
* Editorial: Dermatoglyphics in Medicine Lancet 1972:1:417
* Anonychia with Bizarre Flexural Pigmentation – an autosomal dominant dermatosis Br
J Dermatol 1975;92:469-474 (now sometimes referred to as Verbov Syndrome)
* Palmar Ridge Appearances in Normal Newborn Infants, and Ridge Appearances in Relation
to Eccrine Sweating. Br J Dermatol 1975;93:645- 648
* Mummified Skin – An Exercise in Preservation Int J Dermatol 1983;22:46- 60
* KRT 14 haploinsufficiency results in increased susceptibility of keratinocytes to TNF-
alpha-induced apoptosis and causes Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn Syndrome.
J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1517-1524 (multi-authored paper)
* Many contributions to Fingerprint Whorld and Educational Lectures and advice to The
Fingerprint Society.
Verification
“Verification is a form of peer review and is part of most sciences. Many organizations
erroneously use verification as a method of protecting against errors in place of adequate
training. While verification may prevent the occasional error, its purpose is to verify
process and objectivity as opposed to only check results. It is also an excellent vehicle
for training.” David Ashbaugh
Detail 28 http://www.clpex.com
Verification insures objectivity and unbiased results, it does not insure accurate results
or conclusions.
Proof; confirmation of a process.
Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, David R. Ashbaugh 1999 CRC Press
The final step of the ACE-V method. A review and independent analysis of the conclusion of
another examiner.
SWGFAST, Glossary 07-28-2009 ver. 2.0
See Blind Verification and Double Blind Verification.
More definitions listed under ACE-V.
The independent application of the ACE process as utilized by a subsequent examiner to either
support or refute the conclusions of the original examiner; this may be conducted as blind
verification. Verification may be followed by some level of review as specified by agency policy.
SWGFAST, Standard Terminology of Friction Ridge Examination 3-23-11 ver. 3.0
Verification Shopping
Seeking verification that is in agreement with the desired outcome.
Vestiges
Erratic local disarrangements of ridges not conforming to
surrounding ridge formations.
Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, David R. Ashbaugh 1999 CRC Press
Virgin Islands v. Austin Jacobs (2001)
A burglary case that failed a Daubert challenge. The judge decided to exclude
the fingerprint testimony because the prosecutor hadn’t provided information
to the defense to determine if the fingerprint evidence was scientifically reliable.
The defense asked for the CV of the examiner (Maureen Richardson) and for an
explanation of the methodology to determine if a basis and reason existed for
the findings. The prosecutor failed to provide these items.
Visible Light
Visible light is a series of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see. These
wavelengths range in frequency from 400-700nm and are seen as different colors.
The combination of all the colors in the visible light spectrum is referred to
as white light.
Volar
Related to the palmar and plantar surfaces.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
To do with the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.
Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, David R. Ashbaugh 1999 CRC Press
Volar Pads
Palmar and plantar fetal tissue growth that affects friction ridge
skin development and patterns.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Swelling of the mesenchyme cells during fetal growth. There are 11
volar pads are on each hand of a fetus.
Vollmer, August (1876-Nov. 4, 1955)
A Chief of Police in Los Angeles, California who started the first crime
laboratory in the United States. Vollmer, along with Paul Kirk, also
established criminology and criminalistics as an academic discipline. In
1950 the University of California Berkeley began offering criminal justice
degrees.
Vollmer’s obituary appears in the January 1956 issue of Fingerprint and
Identification Magazine.
Vucetich, Juan (AKA Vucetic, Ivan and Vucetic, Josip and Vucetic, Ivo) (1858-1925)
Working in Argentina, Vucetich is credited with deriving the classification
system used in South America. His classification system was originally
called 'The Icnofalangometric(ia) system' but after some modifications the
name was changed to 'Dactiloscopy' or 'Dactiloscopia', at the suggestion of
another fingerprint pioneer- Dr. Francisco Latzina,. Vucetich is also
credited as being the first person to use a latent fingerprint to solve a
crime. The real person who collected the evidence and made the identification
was Inspector Eduardo Alvarez, in 1892, but historically Vucetich is given the
credit because it is felt that Alvarez would have never done this without the
influence of Vucetich. Confronted with the fingerprint evidence, Francesca
Rojas confessed to murdering her two sons.
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